Protection of Human Rights in an Islamic Perspective and Citizen Engagement
Keywords:
Human Rights, Islam, Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah, CitizenshipAbstract
This research aims to analyze the protection of Human Rights (HAM) from an Islamic perspective and its relevance within the context of Indonesian citizenship. Utilizing library research with a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores the philosophical foundations of human rights in Islam, which are theocentric in nature. In this view, fundamental rights are regarded as direct gifts from God (Ḥuquq Allāh) inherent in human dignity (al-karāmah). The findings demonstrate that Islam guarantees the protection of human rights practically through the framework of Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah, which encompasses the protection of religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. These results emphasize that Islamic principles do not contradict universal human rights concepts but instead provide moral reinforcement through religious responsibility (taklīf) to maintain justice and human dignity. Furthermore, this study elaborates on the implementation of the concepts of al-karāmah and al-istīmtā’ as instruments to realize legal equality, freedom of opinion, and socio-economic rights in real life. In the Indonesian context, the application of these principles is proven to be highly aligned with the values of Pancasila, particularly the 2nd and 5th precepts, as well as the mandate of the 1945 Constitution regarding the management of natural resources for the prosperity of the people. In conclusion, the Islamic perspective strengthens the synergy between duties as a citizen and religious obedience, ultimately encouraging the creation of a tolerant, inclusive, and socially just society.
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